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DBMS BCA Unit-5 Transaction - Definition Transaction - Examples COMMIT and ROLLBACK Properties of a Transaction States of Transactions The Concurrent Transactions Transactions - Lost Updates Transactions - Unrepeatable Reads Transactions - Dirty Reads Transactions - Inconsistent Analysis Serialisable Schedule Serial and Interleaved Schedule Precedence Graph Algorithm Precedence Graph Construction Non Serializable Schedule Locking Protocol Locks and Types of Locks Binary Locks Multiple-Mode Locks Shared and Exclusive Locks Two Phase Locking (2PL) Types of Two Phase Locking Database Security Goals Types of Database Security Threats to Databases Database Security & Authorization Subsystem Discretionary Security Mechanisms Mandatory Security Mechanisms Control Measures Access Control Inference Control Flow Control Data Encryption Database Security and the DBA DBA - Privileged Commands DBA Role Access Control, User Accounts and Database Audits System Log Database Audit Audit Trail Sensitive Data and Types of Disclosures Sensitive Data - Classification Factors Factors - Data is Safe Discretionary Access Control in a Database Account Level Privileges Relation Level Privileges Access Matrix Model Privileges on Relations


Privileges on Relations

  1. SELECT (retrieval or read) Privilege on R.

    Gives the account retrieval privilege. In SQL this gives the account the privilege to use the SELECT statement to retrieve tuples from R.

  2. Modification Privileges on R.

    This gives the account the capability to modify the tuples of R. In SQL this includes three privileges: UPDATE, DELETE , and INSERT. Additionally, both the INSERT and UPDATE privileges can specify that only certain attributes of R can be modified by the account.

  3. References Privilege on R.

    This gives the account the capability to reference (or refer to) a relation R when specifying integrity constraints. This privilege can also be restricted to specific attributes of R.


To create a View, the account must have the SELECT privilege on all relations involved in the View definition in order to specify the query that corresponds to the View.