LSP4YOU - Learner's Support Publications

DBMS BCA Unit-5 Transaction - Definition Transaction - Examples COMMIT and ROLLBACK Properties of a Transaction States of Transactions The Concurrent Transactions Transactions - Lost Updates Transactions - Unrepeatable Reads Transactions - Dirty Reads Transactions - Inconsistent Analysis Serialisable Schedule Serial and Interleaved Schedule Precedence Graph Algorithm Precedence Graph Construction Non Serializable Schedule Locking Protocol Locks and Types of Locks Binary Locks Multiple-Mode Locks Shared and Exclusive Locks Two Phase Locking (2PL) Types of Two Phase Locking Database Security Goals Types of Database Security Threats to Databases Database Security & Authorization Subsystem Discretionary Security Mechanisms Mandatory Security Mechanisms Control Measures Access Control Inference Control Flow Control Data Encryption Database Security and the DBA DBA - Privileged Commands DBA Role Access Control, User Accounts and Database Audits System Log Database Audit Audit Trail Sensitive Data and Types of Disclosures Sensitive Data - Classification Factors Factors - Data is Safe Discretionary Access Control in a Database Account Level Privileges Relation Level Privileges Access Matrix Model Privileges on Relations

Audit Trail

Database Audits are particularly important for sensitive databases that are updated by many transactions and users, such as a banking database that is updated by many bank tellers.

A database log that is used mainly for security purposes is sometimes called an Audit Trail.